Engineering basis

Families include fine-grain carbon-manganese steels and nickel-alloy steels. As service temperature falls, nickel additions and stricter impact requirements become more important.

Standards, grades or methods

ASTM/ASME A/SA333 low-temperature pipe, A/SA350 LF forgings, A/SA352 castings, A/SA203 nickel plate and A/SA553 9% Ni plate; EN low-temperature and pressure grades are also widely used.

Typical applications

LNG systems, refrigeration, cold boxes, storage vessels, low-temperature pipelines and process equipment.

Critical checks

Verify minimum design metal temperature, Charpy impact temperature/energy, heat treatment, weld procedure toughness, PWHT effects and fracture-control requirements.

Good engineering practice

Use the current governing code or specification and verify manufacturer data, material traceability and project-specific requirements. Where safety, pressure containment or structural integrity is involved, obtain approval from the responsible engineer before changing material, process or acceptance criteria.

Element Folio engineering reference. Requirements vary by standard, project and jurisdiction.