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Element Folio

Category: Elements & Periodic Table

Element profiles, periodic trends, groups and periodic-table reference guides.

  • Dysprosium (Dy): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Dysprosium (Dy) has atomic number 66 and is classified as a lanthanide. It sits in f-block series, period 6 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes high-temperature permanent magnets, control materials, lasers and specialty alloys.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 66 Symbol Dy
    Relative atomic mass 162.500 State at room temperature Solid
    Group f-block Period 6
    Classification lanthanide Block f-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Lanthanides are f-block metals known for closely related chemistry and valuable magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. They are important in permanent magnets, phosphors, lasers, catalysts and advanced electronic systems.

    Dysprosium belongs to period 6. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Dysprosium matters

    In engineering and technology, dysprosium is associated with high-temperature permanent magnets, control materials, lasers and specialty alloys. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of dysprosium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Dysprosium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Terbium (Tb) · Holmium (Ho)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Holmium (Ho): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Holmium (Ho) has atomic number 67 and is classified as a lanthanide. It sits in f-block series, period 6 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes solid-state lasers, magnetic research, nuclear applications and specialized medical systems.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 67 Symbol Ho
    Relative atomic mass 164.93033 State at room temperature Solid
    Group f-block Period 6
    Classification lanthanide Block f-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Lanthanides are f-block metals known for closely related chemistry and valuable magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. They are important in permanent magnets, phosphors, lasers, catalysts and advanced electronic systems.

    Holmium belongs to period 6. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Holmium matters

    In engineering and technology, holmium is associated with solid-state lasers, magnetic research, nuclear applications and specialized medical systems. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of holmium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Holmium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Dysprosium (Dy) · Erbium (Er)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Erbium (Er): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Erbium (Er) has atomic number 68 and is classified as a lanthanide. It sits in f-block series, period 6 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes fiber-optic amplifiers, lasers, glass coloration and specialty metallurgical additions.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 68 Symbol Er
    Relative atomic mass 167.259 State at room temperature Solid
    Group f-block Period 6
    Classification lanthanide Block f-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Lanthanides are f-block metals known for closely related chemistry and valuable magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. They are important in permanent magnets, phosphors, lasers, catalysts and advanced electronic systems.

    Erbium belongs to period 6. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Erbium matters

    In engineering and technology, erbium is associated with fiber-optic amplifiers, lasers, glass coloration and specialty metallurgical additions. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of erbium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Erbium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Holmium (Ho) · Thulium (Tm)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Indium (In): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Indium (In) has atomic number 49 and is classified as a post-transition metal. It sits in Group 13, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes indium-tin-oxide transparent conductors, displays, semiconductors, solders and photovoltaics.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 49 Symbol In
    Relative atomic mass 114.818 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 13 Period 5
    Classification post-transition metal Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Post-transition metals lie mainly in the p-block and often combine metallic conductivity with comparatively low melting points or distinctive alloying behavior. Their applications span electronics, solders, coatings and specialized process materials.

    Indium belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Indium matters

    In engineering and technology, indium is associated with indium-tin-oxide transparent conductors, displays, semiconductors, solders and photovoltaics. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of indium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Indium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Boron (B) · Aluminum (Al) · Gallium (Ga) · Cadmium (Cd)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Tin (Sn): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Tin (Sn) has atomic number 50 and is classified as a post-transition metal. It sits in Group 14, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes solder, tinplate, bronze, bearing alloys and corrosion-resistant coatings.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 50 Symbol Sn
    Relative atomic mass 118.710 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 14 Period 5
    Classification post-transition metal Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Post-transition metals lie mainly in the p-block and often combine metallic conductivity with comparatively low melting points or distinctive alloying behavior. Their applications span electronics, solders, coatings and specialized process materials.

    Tin belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Tin matters

    In engineering and technology, tin is associated with solder, tinplate, bronze, bearing alloys and corrosion-resistant coatings. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of tin depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Tin depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Carbon (C) · Silicon (Si) · Germanium (Ge) · Indium (In)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Antimony (Sb): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Antimony (Sb) has atomic number 51 and is classified as a metalloid. It sits in Group 15, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes flame-retardant systems, lead alloys, semiconductors, batteries and specialty glass.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 51 Symbol Sb
    Relative atomic mass 121.760 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 15 Period 5
    Classification metalloid Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Metalloids sit near the boundary between metals and nonmetals. Their intermediate electrical and chemical behavior makes several of them especially important in semiconductors, glass, ceramics and electronic materials.

    Antimony belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Antimony matters

    In engineering and technology, antimony is associated with flame-retardant systems, lead alloys, semiconductors, batteries and specialty glass. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of antimony depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Antimony depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Nitrogen (N) · Phosphorus (P) · Arsenic (As) · Tin (Sn)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Tellurium (Te): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Tellurium (Te) has atomic number 52 and is classified as a metalloid. It sits in Group 16, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes thermoelectric materials, cadmium-telluride solar cells, alloys and electronic materials.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 52 Symbol Te
    Relative atomic mass 127.60 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 16 Period 5
    Classification metalloid Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Metalloids sit near the boundary between metals and nonmetals. Their intermediate electrical and chemical behavior makes several of them especially important in semiconductors, glass, ceramics and electronic materials.

    Tellurium belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Tellurium matters

    In engineering and technology, tellurium is associated with thermoelectric materials, cadmium-telluride solar cells, alloys and electronic materials. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of tellurium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Tellurium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Oxygen (O) · Sulfur (S) · Selenium (Se) · Antimony (Sb)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Iodine (I): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Iodine (I) has atomic number 53 and is classified as a halogen. It sits in Group 17, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes medical imaging and antiseptics, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, halogen lamps and nutrition.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 53 Symbol I
    Relative atomic mass 126.90447 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 17 Period 5
    Classification halogen Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Halogens are reactive p-block elements that commonly form -1 ions and many important salts or organic compounds. Their industrial value is substantial, but elemental forms and some compounds can require strict corrosion, toxicity or containment controls.

    Iodine belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Iodine matters

    In engineering and technology, iodine is associated with medical imaging and antiseptics, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, halogen lamps and nutrition. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of iodine depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Iodine depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Fluorine (F) · Chlorine (Cl) · Bromine (Br) · Tellurium (Te)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Xenon (Xe): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Xenon (Xe) has atomic number 54 and is classified as a noble gas. It sits in Group 18, period 5 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes high-intensity lighting, ion propulsion, medical anesthesia research and semiconductor processing.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 54 Symbol Xe
    Relative atomic mass 131.293 State at room temperature Gas
    Group 18 Period 5
    Classification noble gas Block p-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Noble gases have filled valence shells and are relatively unreactive under ordinary conditions. Their inertness is valuable in lighting, welding, semiconductor processing, cryogenics and scientific instrumentation.

    Xenon belongs to period 5. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Xenon matters

    In engineering and technology, xenon is associated with high-intensity lighting, ion propulsion, medical anesthesia research and semiconductor processing. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of xenon depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Xenon depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Helium (He) · Neon (Ne) · Argon (Ar) · Iodine (I)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons

  • Cesium (Cs): Properties, Uses and Periodic Table Guide

    Periodic Table Guide

    Cesium (Cs) has atomic number 55 and is classified as a alkali metal. It sits in Group 1, period 6 of the periodic table. Its practical relevance includes atomic clocks, drilling fluids, photoelectric devices, research and specialty catalysts.

    Quick facts

    Atomic number 55 Symbol Cs
    Relative atomic mass 132.90545 State at room temperature Solid
    Group 1 Period 6
    Classification alkali metal Block s-block

    Position in the periodic table

    Alkali metals are highly reactive s-block metals with one valence electron. Their chemistry is dominated by +1 oxidation states, and they require careful handling because several react vigorously with air or water.

    Cesium belongs to period 6. Its position helps explain recurring trends such as atomic size, bonding behavior, oxidation states and the way it interacts with neighboring elements.

    Why Cesium matters

    In engineering and technology, cesium is associated with atomic clocks, drilling fluids, photoelectric devices, research and specialty catalysts. The importance of the element may come from the pure element itself, from compounds containing it, or from its role as an alloying, electronic, catalytic or nuclear material.

    Engineering and scientific context

    Material behavior should never be inferred from the element name alone. Purity, isotope composition, crystal structure, processing history, temperature and the surrounding chemical environment can all change performance. In alloys and compounds, the contribution of cesium depends on concentration and interaction with the other constituents.

    Safety and handling

    The hazards associated with Cesium depend on its physical form, purity, compounds, process temperature and exposure route. Engineering decisions should use the applicable safety data sheet and project-specific risk assessment.

    Related elements

    Hydrogen (H) · Lithium (Li) · Sodium (Na) · Xenon (Xe)

    Reference sources

    For authoritative element data and current standard atomic-weight guidance, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry Periodic Table and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

    Continue exploring: Periodic Table · Materials Library · Material Properties · Comparisons